ANTHROPOCENTRISM OF EU LEGAL VALUES AS A FACTOR IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE MODERN LEGAL SYSTEM

Abstract

The article is devoted to a comprehensive theoretical and legal study of anthropocentrism as the fundamental basis of the legal values of the European Union and a key factor in the transformation of modern legal orders. The paper substantiates that the current stage of European integration is characterized by a transition from an institutional and economic model to an axiological paradigm, where the human being, human dignity, and fundamental rights become the central criteria for the legitimacy of supranational law. The authors analyze the evolution of the EU founding documents – from the Treaties of Rome to the Treaty of Lisbon, which allowed for identifying the dynamics of the normative consolidation of humanistic ideals. Particular attention is paid to a comparative analysis of the constitutional experience of member states (France, Italy, Germany, Poland) and Switzerland. The content of the doctrine of “constitutional identity” is revealed through the example of the decisions of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany, which establish an “eternity guarantee” for anthropocentric values. The mechanisms of the influence of EU legal values on national legal systems through the principles of primacy, direct effect, and Euro-loyal interpretation are investigated. In the context of Ukraine’s European integration aspirations, the emphasis is placed on the need for a profound modernization of the national legal order. Poland’s experience is identified as the most relevant for the Ukrainian practice of adapting the acquis communautaire. The challenges for the implementation of the principle of tolerance and the protection of human rights under martial law are separately considered, which requires the development of the concept of “militant democracy”. It is concluded that anthropocentric transformation is not only a requirement for EU accession but also an objective process of harmonizing national law with the universal standards of world civilization.