POSTWAR REFORM OF POLICE SERVICES: MODELS OF SERVICE-ORIENTED POLICE AND PUBLIC PARTICIPATION

Abstract

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the theoretical, methodological and organisational-legal foundations of the post-war reconstruction of police services in Ukraine, based on the models of service-oriented policing and the broad involvement of the public. It is substantiated that the full-scale armed aggression of the Russian Federation has not only caused direct destruction to the infrastructure of law-enforcement bodies, but has also significantly changed the content, forms and priorities of policing, transforming police services from an element of the service model of public administration into a complex security mechanism. The study examines the concept of a police service through the prism of Article 2 of the Law of Ukraine “On the National Police”, which defines the tasks of the police precisely as the provision of police services to the population. The author systematises the leading models of service-oriented and community-oriented policing, in particular the concept of community policing, the problem-oriented approach and the “broken windows” theory, and summarises the standards of democratic policing enshrined in the European Code of Police Ethics. The study analyses foreign experience of post-conflict police reform, primarily the Northern Ireland model formed on the basis of the recommendations of the Independent Commission on Policing for Northern Ireland. Particular attention is paid to the domestic practice of introducing the institution of the community police officer as a national manifestation of the service philosophy. The main forms of public participation in the reconstruction of police services are outlined: partnership with territorial communities, joint solving of local security problems, public control and independent oversight, and digital instruments of interaction. The key challenges are identified, namely the fragmentary nature of legal regulation, the expansion of discretionary powers, the shortage of resources and personnel, and the risks of militarisation and a decline in trust. The author proposes directions for improving the regulatory framework, institutional capacity and mechanisms of police accountability in order to build an effective, human-centred and publicly accountable system of police services for the post-war period.